Inference refers to the broad suite of data analysis techniques that aim to deduce properties about the probability distributions underlying phenomena of interest.
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What is Statistical Inference?
From Wikipedia-
Statistical inference is the process of using data analysis to deduce properties of an underlying distribution of probability.[1] Inferential statistical analysis infers properties of a population, for example by testing hypotheses and deriving estimates. It is assumed that the observed data set is sampled from a larger population.